少林寺，是中国佛教禅宗祖庭和中国功夫的发源地，现为世界文化遗产、全国重点文物保护单位、国家AAAAA级旅游景区，位于河南省郑州市登封市嵩山五乳峰下，因坐落于嵩山腹地少室山茂密丛林之中，故名“少林寺”。
Hello,tourists!
Today,IwillleadyoutovisitShaolinTemple,whichisafamoustempleinChina.Firstofall,pleaseallowmetointroducethegeneralsituationofDengfengCityandShaolinTemple.
DengfengcityislocatedinthecentralandwesternpartofHenanProvince,southofSongshanmountain.Ithasatotalareaof1220squarekilometersandatotalpopulationof610000.Dengfengisafamoushistoricalandculturalcityattheprovinciallevel.ItisafamousculturalrelictownandmartialartstowninChina.Dengfenghasalonghistory.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,thefirstslaverycountryinChina,theXiaDynastyfirstestablisheditscapitalinYangcheng(today'sGaochengtown),YuduYangcheng.EmperorWuoftheWesternHanDynastyLiuChevisitedSongshanandformallyestablishedGaoliCounty,whichwaschangedtoSongyangCountyintheSuiDynasty.In696A.D.,WuZetianascendedSongshanandgrantedZhongyueagreatsuccess.ShechangedSongyangCountyintoDengfengCountyandYangchengCountyintoGaochengcounty.IntheJinDynasty,thetwocountiesweremergedintoDengfengCounty.Since1983,ithasbeensubordinatetoZhengzhou.In1994,ithasbeensetupasacityinsteadofacounty.
Dengfenghasuniquetourismresources,suchasZhougongobservationplatform,Zhongyuetemple,Songyangacademy,ZhongyueSongshan,etc.SongMountainisdividedintotwoparts:TaishimountainandShaoshimountain.ItissaidthatsongmountainisthetwowivesofKingYu.Shaoshimountainissteepanddifficulttoclimb.ThefamousShaolinTempleathomeandabroadisnamedafteritsdenseforest.
ShaolinTemplewasbuiltin495A.D.inthe19thyearofTaiheintheNorthernWeiDynasty.ItwasbuiltbyEmperorXiaowenafterhemovedhiscapitaltoLuoyangtosettletheIndianmonksambata.ItisthebirthplaceofShaolinmartialartsandisknownasthefirsttempleintheworld.ItwasfoundedintheNorthernWeiDynastyandflourishedintheSuiandTangDynasties.IntheearlyTangDynasty,LiShimin,thekingofQin,wasrewardedbyLiShiminforhismeritoriousserviceinfightingagainstWangShichong.Thankstothestrongsupportoftheimperialcourt,ShaolinTempledevelopedrapidlyandbecameafamousbigBuddhisttempleathomeandabroad,winningthetitleofthefirstfamoustempleintheworld.IntheYuanDynasty,thereweretwothousandpeopleinShaolinTemple.TheMingDynastywastheheydayofShaolinTemple.AftertheendofQingDynasty,ShaolinTemplegraduallydeclined.Especiallyin1928,ShiYousansetfiretoShaolinTemple,andallthemainbuildings,scripturesandculturalrelicsinthetemplewereburned.AfterthefoundingofnewChina,ShaolinTemplehasbeenrenovatedandtakenonanewlook.Inthe1980s,thefilmstarJetLishotthefamousfilm"ShaolinTemple"here.WiththepromotionofmasterShiYongxin,theabbotofShaolinTempleinrecentyears,ShaolinTemplehasgraduallyregaineditspastfame.
Now,wehavecometotheMountainGateofShaolinTemple.PleasecloseyourWindows,takeyourvaluables,getoffwithmeandvisitShaolinTemple.
NowyoucanseethistemplegateistheMountainGateofShaolinTemple.BecausemostBuddhisttemplesarelocatedindeepmountains,theyarecalledmountaingates.TheysymbolizethethreeemancipationsofBuddhism,andtheyarealsocalledthreedoorsandthreeemancipations.Theword"Zenandmartialarts"onthewallisanannotationofShaolinTempleastheancestralcourtofZenBuddhismandShaolinmartialarts.Zenisthesoul,martialartsistheclothing,practicingmartialarts,practicingZenandmartialarts,practicingZenandmartialarts,andprotectingthetempleandservingthecountryTosavealllivingbeings,toretreatistopracticeBuddhism,martialartsandTaoism.
WhenyouentertheMountainGatehall,youwillseeMaitreyaTatu,alsoknownasYingbinBuddha.Heiskind-heartedandwelcomeseveryone.Heisdignifiedandsolemn.Helikestoseethelightoftheworld.Helaughsandwelcomespeople.Hisblisswilllastforever.AcoupletrepresentsthatonlywhenyoutreatallthepeoplewithasmilecanyoubequalifiedtojointheBuddhism.BehindhimisBodhisattvaWeituoholdingadiamondpestletoprotectthetemple'sthreetreasures.
Ontheeastsideofthecorridoristhestelegallery.ShaolinTemplehasahistoryof1511yearssinceitwasbuilt.Amongthe108steles,therearenotonlyrecordsoftheprosperoustimesofthesouthernandNorthernDynasties,Sui,Tang,yuan,MingandQingDynasties,butalsotheburninganddisasterofthelateSui,yuan,Ming,Qing,RepublicofChinaandculturalrevolution.In1928,warlordShiYousanburnedthetempleformorethan40days,burningthegroundbuildings,whileShaolin'sThespiritofZenandmartialartsisrootedinMountSongandinthemindsofthepeopleofthewholecountry.
Pleasefollowmeintothemountaingate.Thebuildingweseenowistheheavenlyking'shall.ThetwostatuesinfrontofusareguardBuddhas.ItissaidthattheBuddhashave500followerswhentheytravel,andtheyaremainlythetwosecretKingKongandnaroyanKingKong.However,accordingtothejokesintheromanceofthegodsandtheirmouthpatterns,peoplecallthetwoKingKongthetwogeneralsofhumha.ThisistheoriginofthehumhasoundmadebyShaolinmartialmonkswhentheypracticemartialarts.Thefourheavenlykingsworshippedinitaretheeasternheavenlyking,thesouthernheavenlyking,theWesternheavenlykingofGuangmu,andthenorthernheavenlykingofDuowen.Theirdutiesaretohelpthepoorandthepoor,andtobringhappinesstotheworld.Themagicweaponinhandrepresentsgoodweather,whichalsorepresentsthemostsimplewishesofpeopleunderthefeudalagriculturaleconomy.
Afterfiveminutesinthehammerspectrumhall,wecameoutwithShaolinskills.Nowwecometothehammerspectrumhall.Woodenstatuesorplasteridolsareeagerforafight.Strikewhiletheironishot.The4groupsof216hammerimagesareshownintheformofclaysculpture.Theyareshownintheorigin,development,practice,eliteroutine,nationaldefensefunctionandmonksoldiers'achievements.TheyareZenmeditation,runningaroundtheBuddha,eightsegmentbrocade,Xiaohongboxing,bigredboxing,sixandboxing,crossarmboxing,LuoHanQuanandZhaoyangboxing.ShaolinKungFu.
Nowwecometothecentralbuildingofthetemple,theMahatmahall,whichisanimportantplaceformonkstocarryoutBuddhistactivities.Infrontofthesoutheastcorneristhebelltower,andinthesouthwestcorneristhedrumtower,whichisthefixedbuildingofthetemple.WeoftensaythatthemorningbellandeveningdrumisasignalformonkstoliveandcarryoutBuddhistactivities.
Besidethebelltower,therearethreeimportantstonesteles.Thisstonestele,thesteleofSongyueShaolinTempleinthehuangtangDynasty,isLiShimin'sachievementincommendingthemonksforhelpingtopacifyWangShichongintheTangDynasty.OnthebackisthesteleofgivingtheimperialscriptofbaiguzhuanginShaolinTemple,whichtellsthestoryofthirteenstickmonkssavingthekingofTangDynasty.ItwasLiShimin,thethenkingofQin,whowasrescuedbythemonksinShaolinTemple,whohelpedtopacifyWangShichongandWangShichongIntheend,tanzongwasappointedasageneralandallowedtheShaolinTempletobuilditsownbarrackstoprepare500monks,whichwasalsothebasisfortheshootingofShaolinTemplestarringJetLiinthe1980s.
WhatweseebelowisthesteleofXiaoshanZenmasterXingshi,whichtalksabouthispublicmoralityinleadingthearmyandrevitalizingShaolinZen.OnthebackisthesteleofHunyuanSanjiaoJiuliutuzan.Fromdifferentaspects,wecanseethestatuesofLaozi,ConfuciusandSakyamunirespectively.Coincidentally,thesethreelivesliveinthesameera.ConfuciusoncewenttoZhoustatetolearnritesandmusicfromLaoTzu,whoservedastheheadofthenationalarchives.NowthereisastonetabletinLuoyang,thecapitaloftheZhouDynasty,whereConfuciuscametoinquireabouttherites.Sakyamuniis12yearsolderthanConfucius.ThismonumentreflectsthatSongshanisaplacewhereBuddhism,TaoismandConfucianismgathertogether,andalsoreflectsthethoughtoftheconfluenceofthethreereligions.
PleasefollowmetovisittheMahatmahall.YoucanseethattherealBuddhaSakyamuniBuddhaisworshippedinthecenteroftheMahatmahall.OntheleftisthepastBuddha,thepharmacistBuddhaoftheOrientalquietglassworld,andontherightisthefutureBuddha,AmitabhaBuddhaoftheWesternParadise.Differentfromothertemples,thereareBodhidharmaonbothsidesandjinnaraking,knownasthefounderofShaolincudgelWhy?Theanswerisinthenextvisit.CuriousfriendsmayfindthatthereisastatueofKirinunderthepillarsofthemainhall,whichindicatesthatZenBuddhismisacompletelysinicizedChineseBuddhism.
Enteringthejinnarahall,wecanseethreedifferentimagesofjinnaraKing:holdingtheDharma,protectingtheDharmaandrespondingtothebody.KingjinnaroistheuniqueDharmaprotectorofShaolinTemple.JinnarainSanskritmeansflyingintheBuddhistGod.ItissaidthatonMarch26,1351A.D.(onedayintheYuanDynasty),theredscarfarmyraidedShaolin,andmanymonkswerebeatenback.Atthiscriticaljuncture,adisheveledandunkemptburningmonkcameoutofthekitchenwithaburningstick.Hisvoicewaslikeroaringandflashing,andheretreatedinaninstant.Afterthat,heclaimedtobeclosetoLuoFeixian.Themonkrespectedhimasthefirstpersontoshowhismartialarts.
AfterlisteningtothestoryofKingjinnara,let'stakealookatthehistoryoftheBodhisattva.WhenIwalkintothesixthpatriarchalhall,IworshipthesixthpatriarchGuanyin,thefirstpatriarchDamo,thesecondgroupHuike,thethirdpatriarchSengcan,thefourthpatriarchDaoxin,thefifthpatriarchHongrenandthesixthpatriarchHuineng.WhenitcametoHongren,thefifthpatriarch,andtheflourishingTangDynasty,Zenwasdividedintotwoschools,thenorthandthesouth.Alwayswipetoavoiddust.ItistheopinionofShenxiu,therepresentativeofthenorthernschool,thatZenneedslong-termandcontinuouspractice.ButHuinengofthesouthernschooladvocatesepiphany,thataslongastheheartissincere,everyonecanbecomeaBuddhaonthespot.ThereisnoBuddhaoutsidetheheart.IamnotaBuddhaintheworld,butinpeople'sheart.ABodhiisnotatree,andamirrorisnotaplatform.Thereisnothinginit.Wherecanitcausedust?Ithasestablishedhispositionasthesixthancestor.OntheWesterngableisapictureofDharmawalkingonlyintheWest.DuringthereignofemperorXuanwuofWeiDynasty,Bodhidharma,the28thgenerationdescendantofSakyamuniandaBuddhistmonkinnantianzhu,crossedtheseathreeyearsago.HecametoJinlingofNanliangandtalkedwithEmperorWudiofLiangDynasty.Later,hecrossedtheYangtzeRiverwithareedandwentnorthtoLuoyang.AfternineyearsinfrontofthewallofShaolinTemple,hepassedonZenBuddhismforthefirsttime.Whenhedied,someonefoundDharmawearingashoeonthejourney.Whenheopenedthetomb,therewasonlyoneshoeofDharma.
Nextwecometothelibraryofthetemple,theSutraPavilion.BehinditistheAbbot'sroom,whereEmperorQianlongstayedwhenhevisitedShaolin.
IntheSouthernSongDynasty,ZencombinedwithConfucianismandformedNeoConfucianisminSongyangAcademy.TheallusionofChengmenlixuewaswidelypraised.InBuddhism,therearealsostoriesofseekingDharmawithbrokenarms.ItissaidthatourDharmapatriarchfirstpreachedZeninShaolinandhadmanyapprentices.Oneofthem,aLuoyangmonknamedShengguang,wassincereinlearningDharma.Onasnowyday,ShengguangsaidinfrontoftheAbbot'sroom:pleaseteachBuddhismtoalllivingbeings.Atthattime,itwassnowinglikeagoosefeather,anditdidn'ttakelongforShengguangtobecomeasnowman.Dharmasaid:it'sOKtospreadtheDharma.Whenwillitbesnowedred.Afterawhile,ShenGuangtookouthisswordandcutitofftohisleftarmwithouthesitation.Suddenly,hedyedthesnowred.Dharmasaid:Hui-Ke,hasbecomehisnameandhissecondancestorofZen.ItisalsotheembodimentofZen'sideaofdirectlypointingtopeople'sheart,becomingBuddhistsbyseeingone'snatureandnotstandingonwords.Fromthenon,ShaolinmonksbuiltasnowpaviliontocommemoratehissincerityinlearningDharma.
IntheManjusrihallontheright,inadditiontoofferingManjusriBodhisattva,thereisalsothetreasureofShaolinTemple,theshadowstoneofDharmafacewall.OurfatherDharmahasbeeninfrontofthewallfornineyears.Afterhesettleddown,thebirdbuiltanestonhim.Hedidn'tknowit.Hiseyebrowsfelloffandformedakindofsilvereyebrowtea.Waterdropletscanpenetratehardrocks,andtheshadowofourDharmaancestorscanalsoleaveashadowonthem.Infact,hisbodyisreflectedbyultravioletlightandradioactiveradiumlightinthemountains,andhisshadowisengravedontherocksforalongtime.
Nowyoucanseethelargestbuildinginthetemple,thethousandBuddhaHall,withawidthofsevenroomsandaheightof20meters.ItisdedicatedtotheDharmaBuddhaofSakyamuni,PiluBuddha.Behindhimisalarge-scalepaintingof500ArhatsinpeluDynasty.TheamazingthingisthatthecoloroftheseArhats'faceschangesatanytime.Every12years,onearhat'sfacechanges.
Well,dearfriends,thisistheendofthetourofShaolinTemple.Pleasehaveafreetour.Wewillgatheronthebusinhalfanhour.